Combination therapy for inhibiting sphincter incontinence

ABSTRACT

This invention comprises methods of inducing or maintaining sphincter continence, or inhibiting or alleviating incontinence, in a mammal comprising administration of a compound of the formulae I or II:                    
     wherein Z is a moiety selected from the group of:                    
     wherein: R 1  is selected from H, OH or the C 1 -C 12  esters or C 1 -C 12  alkyl ethers thereof, benzyloxy, or halogens; or C 1 -C 4  halogenated ethers including trifluoromethyl ether and trichloromethyl ether; R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , and R 6  are H, OH or C 1 -C 12  esters or C 1 -C 12  alkyl ethers thereof, halogens, or C 1 -C 4  halogenated ethers, cyano, C 1 -C 6  alkyl, or trifluoromethyl, with the proviso that, when R 1  is H, R 2  is not OH; Y is the moiety:                    
     R7 and R8 are alkyl or concatenated together to form an optionally substituted, nitrogen-containing ring; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/216,186, filed Jul. 6, 2000.

This invention relates to methods of using substituted indole compounds and one or more estrogens in the inducement of sphincter continence or competence or in the treatment, prevention, inhibition or alleviation of sphincter incontinence.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Stress incontinence is a problem in which the urethral sphincter is unable to retain urine in the bladder. Such problems may occur as a result from weakened pelvic muscles that support the bladder, or malfunction of the urethral sphincter. Trauma to the urethral area, neurological injury, and some medications may weaken the urethral closure. Male sphincter weakness can occur after prostate surgery. Women may experience similar weakness after pelvic surgery. Women may also experience stress incontinence after multiple pregnancies, pelvic prolapse (protrusion of the bladder or urethra into the vaginal space), cystocele, or rectocele. Additionally, women with low estrogen levels may experience stress incontinence due to decreased vaginal muscle tone. Studies have documented that about 50% of all women have occasional incontinence, and as many as 10% have regular incontinence. In women over 75 years of age, nearly 20% experience incontinence daily. The risk increases with advancing age, obesity, chronic bronchitis, asthma, and childbearing.

Lack of control of the lower esophageal sphincter can lead to stomach acids being refluxed upward into the esophagus, causing heartburn, also known as gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), reflux or reflux esophagitis. This condition is often due to failure of the lower esophageal sphincter to close properly. In milder forms, the sufferers experience a burning sensation in the esophagus or heartburn which often leads to pain, lack of sleep, and loss of productivity. Chronic reflux can lead to esophageal ulceration requiring surgery is thought to be possibly contributory to development of esophageal cancer.

Sphincters composed of smooth muscle cells are controlled predominantly by the autonomic nervous system in relation to the conditions in the luminal areas on either side of the sphincter, e.g., food passing through the esophagus triggers the lower esophageal sphincter to relax or open to the stomach, or bladder pressure signals the sphincter opening of the posterior urethra.

Sphincters generally remain closed or contracted in relation to their luminal structures and inhibit flow of materials. Sphincters fail and allow untimely passage of materials for various reasons, including passage obstructions, trauma to the passage, improper nervous system regulation, or loss of muscle tone, often found in aging or with the loss of homeostatic hormone balance.

Estrogen hormone replacement therapy (HRT) has been used for the chronic treatment of urinary incontinence in post-menopausal women. However, poor patient compliance has been noted with HRT because of negative side-effects, such as increased risk of uterine cancer with unopposed estrogen, negative CNS effects when estrogen is combined with progestins, bloating, re-initiation of menses, increased breast cancer risk, etc. Estrogens are also not usually used in men. Therefore, there is a need for better therapies to urinary incontinence in both sexes, especially in the aged.

Fecal incontinence also occurs in the elderly, though with less frequency than urinary incontinence, with post-menopausal women being the most common sufferers. Common management methods include use of absorbent undergarments, frequent changes of clothing, and increased bathing.

WO 99/33454 (Fabiano et al.) teaches a method of treating urinary incontinence using enantiomerically enriched (S)-procyclidine.

WO 97/26876 (Cullinan) teaches methods of increasing sphincter competence using raloxifene or its analogs, having the general structure:

U.S. Pat. No. 5,948,804 (Jeon et al.) teaches the use of substituted indole compounds having the general structure:

in the treatment of urinary incontinence.

EP 0 802 183 A1 and U.S. Pat. No. 5,780,497 describe substituted indole compounds of the formulae below:

as well as their use as estrogenic agents, including the treatment of bone loss, cardiovascular disease, maladies associated with or resulting from the proliferation or abnormal development of endometrial or endometrial-like tissues, and disease states or syndromes associated with estrogen deficiency.

EP 0 802 184 A1, published Oct. 22, 1997, describes comparable uses for substituted indole compounds of the formulae below.

Analogous indole compounds having the general structures:

are described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,880,137 (Miller et al.).

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

This invention comprises methods of treating, preventing, alleviating or inhibiting sphincter incontinence in a mammal, preferably in a human, the methods comprising administering to a mammal in need thereof one or more estrogens, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and a pharmaceutically effective amount of a compound of the formulae I or II, below:

wherein Z is a moiety selected from the group of:

wherein:

R₁ is selected from H, OH or the C₁-C₁₂ esters (straight chain or branched) or C₁-C₁₂ (straight chain or branched or cyclic) alkyl ethers thereof, benzyloxy, or halogen; or C₁-C₄ halogenated ethers including trifluoromethyl ether and trichloromethyl ether;

R₂, R₃, R₅, and R₆ are independently selected from H, OH or the C₁-C₁₂ esters (straight chain or branched) or C₁-C₁₂ alkyl ethers (straight chain or branched or cyclic) thereof, halogens, or C₁-C₄ halogenated ethers including trifluoromethyl ether and trichloromethyl ether, cyano, C₁-C₆ alkyl (straight chain or branched), or trifluoromethyl, with the proviso that, when R₁ is H, R₂ is not OH;

R₄ is selected from H, OH or the C₁-C₁₂ esters (straight chain or branched) or C₁-C₁₂ alkyl ethers (straight chain or branched or cyclic) thereof, benzyloxy, halogens, or C₁-C₄ halogenated ethers including trifluoromethyl ether and trichloromethyl ether, cyano, C₁-C₆ alkyl (straight chain or branched), or trifluoromethyl;

X is selected from H, C₁-C₆ alkyl, cyano, nitro, trifluoromethyl, halogen;

n is 1, 2 or 3;

Y is selected from:

a) the moiety:

wherein R₇ and R₈ are independently selected from the group of H, C₁-C₆ alkyl, or phenyl optionally substituted by CN, C₁-C₆ alkyl (straight chain or branched), C₁-C₆ alkoxy (straight chain or branched), halogen, —OH, —CF₃, or —OCF₃;

b) a five-membered saturated, unsaturated or partially unsaturated heterocycle containing up to two heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of —O—, —NH—, —N(C₁C₄ alkyl)—, —N═, and —S(O)_(m)—, wherein m is an integer of from 0-2, optionally substituted with 1-3 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, hydroxyl, halo, C₁-C₄ alkyl, trihalomethyl, C₁-C₄ alkoxy, trihalomethoxy, C₁-C₄ acyloxy, C₁-C₄ alkylthio, C₁-C₄ alkylsulfinyl, C₁-C₄ alkylsulfonyl, hydroxy (C₁-C₄)alkyl, —CO₂H—, —CN—, —CONHR₁—, —NH₂—, C₁-C₄ alkylamino, di(C₁-C₄)alkylamino, —NHSO₂R₁—, —NHCOR₁—, —NO₂, and phenyl optionally substituted with 1-3 (C₁-C₄)alkyl;

c) a six-membered saturated, unsaturated or partially unsaturated heterocycle containing up to two heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of —O—, —NH—, —N(C₁C₄ alkyl)—, —N═, and —S(O)_(m)—, wherein m is an integer of from 0-2, optionally substituted with 1-3 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, hydroxyl, halo, C₁-C₄ alkyl, trihalomethyl, C₁-C₄ alkoxy, trihalomethoxy, C₁-C₄ acyloxy, C₁-C₄ alkylthio, C₁-C₄ alkylsulfinyl, C₁-C₄alkylsulfonyl, hydroxy (C₁ -C₄)alkyl, —CO₂H—, —CN—, —CONHR₁—, —NH₂—, C₁-C₄ alkylamino, di(C₁-C₄)alkylamino, —NHSO₂R₁—, —NHCOR₁—, —NO₂, and phenyl optionally substituted with 1-3 (C₁-C₄)alkyl;

d) a seven-membered saturated, unsaturated or partially unsaturated heterocycle containing up to two heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of —O—, —NH—, —N(C₁C₄ alkyl)—, —N═, and —S(O)_(m)—, wherein m is an integer of from 0-2, optionally substituted with 1-3 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, hydroxyl, halo, C₁-C₄ alkyl, trihalomethyl, C₁-C₄ alkoxy, trihalomethoxy, C₁-C₄ acyloxy, C₁-C₄ alkylthio, C₁-C₄ alkylsulfinyl, C₁-C₄ alkylsulfonyl, hydroxy (C₁-C₄)alkyl, —CO₂H—, —CN—, —CONHR₁—, —NH₂—, C₁-C₄ alkylamino, di(C₁-C₄)alkylamino, —NHSO₂R₁—, —NHCOR₁—, —NO₂, and phenyl optionally substituted with 1-3 (C₁-C₄)alkyl;; or

e) a bicyclic heterocycle containing from 6-12 carbon atoms either bridged or fused and containing up to two heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of —O—, —NH—, —N(C₁C₄ alkyl)—, and —S(O)_(m)—, wherein m is an integer of from 0-2, optionally substituted with 1-3 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, hydroxyl, halo, C₁-C₄ alkyl, trihalomethyl, C₁-C₄ alkoxy, trihalomethoxy, C₁-C₄ acyloxy, C₁-C₄ alkylthio, C₁-C₄ alkylsulfinyl, C₁-C₄ alkylsulfonyl, hydroxy (C₁-C₄)alkyl, —CO₂H—, —CN—, —CONHR₁—, —NH₂—, C₁-C₄ alkylamino, di(C₁-C₄)alkylamino, —NHSO₂R₁—, —NHCOR₁—, —NO₂, and phenyl optionally substituted with 1-3 (C₁-C₄) alkyl;

and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.

The more preferred compounds of this invention are those having the general structures I or II, above, wherein:

R₁ is selected from H, OH or the C₁-C₁₂ esters or alkyl ethers thereof, halogen;

R₂, R₃, R₅, and R₆ are independently selected from H, OH or the C₁-C₁₂ esters or alkyl ethers thereof, halogen, cyano, C₁-C₆ alkyl, or trihalomethyl, preferably trifluoromethyl, with the proviso that, when R₁ is H, R₂ is not OH;

R₄ is selected from H, OH or the C₁-C₁₂ esters or alkyl ethers thereof, benzyloxy, halogen, cyano, C₁-C₆ alkyl, or trihalomethyl;

X is selected from H, C₁-C₆ alkyl, cyano, nitro, trifluoromethyl, halogen;

Y is the moiety

R₇ and R₈ are selected independently from H, C₁-C₆ alkyl, or combined by —(CH₂)p—, wherein p is an integer of from 2 to 6, so as to form a ring, the ring being optionally substituted by up to three substituents selected from the group of hydrogen, hydroxyl, halo, C₁-C₄ alkyl, trihalomethyl, C₁-C₄ alkoxy, trihalomethoxy, C₁-C₄ alkylthio, C₁-C₄ alkylsulfinyl, C₁-C₄ alkylsulfonyl, hydroxy (C₁-C₄)alkyl, —CO₂H, —CN, —CONH(C₁-C₄), —NH₃, C₁-C₄ alkylamino, C₁-C₄ dialkylamino, —NHSO₂(C₁-C₄), —NHCO(C₁-C₄), and —NO₃;

and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.

The rings formed by a concatenated R₇ and R₈, mentioned above, may include, but are not limited to, aziridine, azetidine, pyrrolidine, piperidine, hexamethyleneamine or heptamethyleneamine rings.

The most preferred compounds of the present invention are those having the structural formulas I or II, above, wherein R₁ is OH; R₂-R₆ are as defined above; X is selected from the group of Cl, NO₂, CN, CF₃, or CH₃; and Y is the moiety

and R₇ and R₈ are concatenated together as —(CH₂)_(r)—, wherein r is an integer of from 4 to 6, to form a ring optionally substituted by up to three substituents selected from the group of hydrogen, hydroxyl, halo, C₁-C₄ alkyl, trihalomethyl, C₁-C₄ alkoxy, trihalomethoxy, C₁-C₄ alkylthio, C₁-C₄ alkylsulfinyl, C₁-C₄ alkylsulfonyl, hydroxy (C₁-C₄)alkyl, —CO₂H, —CN, —CONH(C₁-C₄)alkyl, —NH₂, C₁-C₄ alkylamino, di(C₁-C₄)alkylamino, —NHSO₂(C₁-C₄)alkyl, —NHCO(C₁-C₄)alkyl, and —NO₂;

and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.

In another embodiment of this invention, when R₇ and R₈ are concatenated together as —(CH₂)p—, wherein p is an integer of from 2 to 6, preferably 4 to 6, the ring so formed is optionally substituted with 1-3 substituents selected from a group containing C₁-C₃ alkyl, trifluoromethyl, halogen, hydrogen, phenyl, nitro, —CN.

The invention includes sulfate, sulfamates and sulfate esters of phenolic groups. Sulfates can be readily prepared by the reaction of the free phenolic compounds with sulfur trioxide complexed with an amine such as pyridine, trimethylamine, triethylamine, etc. Sulfamates can be prepared by treating the free phenolic compound with the desired amino or alkylamino or dialkylamino sulfamyl chloride in the presence of a suitable base such as pyridine. Sulfate esters can be prepared by reaction of the free phenol with the desired alkanesulfonyl chloride in the presence of a suitable base such as pyridine. Additionally, this invention includes compounds containing phosphates at the phenol as well as dialkyl phosphates. Phosphates can be prepared by reaction of the phenol with the appropriate chlorophosphate. The dialkylphosphates can be hydrolyzed to yield the free phosphates. Phosphinates are also claimed where the phenol is reacted with the desired dialkylphosphinic chloride to yield the desired dialkylphosphinate of the phenol.

The invention includes acceptable salt forms formed from the addition reaction with either inorganic or organic acids. Inorganic acids such as hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, hydroiodic acid, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, nitric acid useful as well as organic acids such as acetic acid, propionic acid, citric acid, maleic acid, malic acid, tartaric acid, phthalic acid, succinic acid, methanesulfonic acid, toluenesulfonic acid, napthalenesulfonic acid, camphorsulfonic acid, benzenesulfonic acid are useful. It is known that compounds possessing a basic nitrogen can be complexed with many different acids (both protic and non-protic) and usually it is preferred to administer a compound of this invention in the form of an acid addition salt. Additionally, this invention includes quaternary ammonium salts of the compounds herein. These can be prepared by reacting the nucleophilic amines of the side chain with a suitably reactive alkylating agent such as an alkyl halide or benzyl halide.

These methods each comprise administering to a mammal in need thereof a pharmaceutically effective amount of one or more estrogens and a pharmaceutically effective amount of one of the substituted indoles taught herein. These administrations may be therapeutic or prophylactic. Among the preferred substituted indole compounds for use in these methods are 1-[4-(2-Azepan-1yl-ethoxy)-benzyl]-2-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-3-methyl-1H-indol-5-ol, also known as TSE-424, and 2-(4-Hydroxy-phenyl)-3-methyl-1-(4-(2-piperidin-1-yl-ethoxy)-benzyl]-1H-indol-5-ol, also known as ERA-923.

Estrogens useful in the formulations of this invention include estrone, estriol, equilin, estradiene, equilenin, ethinyl estradiol, 17β-estradiol, 17α-dihydroequilenin, 17β-dihydroequilenin (U.S. Pat. No. 2,834,712), 17α-dihydroequilin, 17β-dihydroequilin, menstranol and conjugated estrogenic hormones, such as those in Wyeth-Ayerst Laboratories' Premarin® products (P.O. Box 8299, Philadelphia, Pa. 19101, U.S.A.). Phytoestrogens, such as equol or enterolactone, may also be used in the present formulations and methods. A preferred embodiment of this invention comprises pharmaceutical compositions and methods of treatment utilizing conjugated estrogenic hormones, such as those in Wyeth-Ayerst Laboratories' Premarin® products, with one or more compounds of Formulas (I) or (III) listed herein. Esterified estrogens, such as those sold by Solvay Pharmaceuticals, Inc. under the Estratab® tradename, may also be used with the present formulations. Also preferred for use with the present invention are the salts of the applicable estrogens, most preferably the sodium salts. Examples of these preferred salts are Sodium estrone sulfate, Sodium equilin sulfate, Sodium 17alpha-dihydroequilin sulfate, Sodium 17alpha-estradiol sulfate, Sodium Delta8,9-dehydroestrone sulfate, Sodium equilenin sulfate, Sodium 17beta-dihydroequilin sulfate, Sodium 17alpha-dihydroequilenin sulfate, Sodium 17beta-estradiol sulfate, Sodium 17beta-dihydroequilenin sulfate, Estrone 3-sodium sulfate, Equilin 3-sodium sulfate, 17alpha-Dihydroequilin 3-sodium sulfate, 3beta-Hydroxy-estra-5(10),7-dien-17-one 3-sodium sulfate, 5alpha-Pregnan-3beta-20R-diol 20-sodium sulfate, 5alpha-Pregnan-3beta,16alpha-diol-20-one 3-sodium sulfate, delta(8,9)-Dehydroestrone 3-sodium sulfate, Estra-3beta, 17alpha-diol 3-sodium sulfate, 3beta-Hydroxy-estr-5(10)-en-17-one 3-sodium sulfate or 5alpha-Pregnan-3beta,16alpha,20R-triol 3-sodium sulfate. Preferred salts of estrone include, but are not limited to, the sodium and piperate salts. Among the most preferred estrogens for use with this invention are the conjugated estrogens of the Premarin® brand products.

Among the most preferred embodiments of this invention are methods combining the administration in a mammal of pharmaceutically effective amounts of:

a) a substituted indole compound selected from 1-[4-(2-Azepan-1yl-ethoxy)-benzyl]-2-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-3-methyl-1H-indol-5-ol, also known as TSE-424, and 2-(4-Hydroxy-phenyl)-3-methyl-1-(4-(2-piperidin-1-yl-ethoxy)-benzyl]-1H-indol-5-ol, also known as ERA-923, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of TSE-424 or ERA-923; and

b) the conjugated estrogenic hormones, such as those of the Premarin® brand products marketed by Wyeth-Ayerst Laboratories.

The methods of this invention provide assistance in sphincter continence, competence or control, particularly including those of the anus and bladder, the methods comprising administering to a mammal in need thereof a pharmaceutically effective amount of a compound of the groups described herein. Urinary sphincter control induced by this invention allows the individual to maintain urinary bladder continence or control and to prevent, inhibit or control urge incontinence and stress incontinence.

The methods of this invention can also be used to maintain, increase or induce control, continence or competence of the lower esophageal sphincter. This inhibits acids from being refluxed upward into the esophagus, causing heartburn. This action may also be characterized as a method for inhibiting, alleviating or preventing undesired reflux of materials from the stomach through the lower esophageal sphincter back into the esophagus, resulting in the conditions known as heartburn, reflux or reflux esophagitis.

The methods of this invention further allow a recipient to maintain or induce anal sphincter control, continence or competence and inhibit, alleviate, or limit the incidence of fecal incontinence.

The present invention includes methods utilizing a first subset or subgroup of compounds of the formulas IIII or IV, below:

wherein the variable substituents including R₁, R₂, R₃, R₄, R₅, R₆, n, X, and Y are as defined above, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

The more preferred compounds of this first subset of compounds are those having the general structures IIII or IV, above, wherein:

R₁ is selected from H, OH or the C₁-C₁₂ esters or alkyl ethers thereof, benzyloxy, or halogen;

R₂, R₃, R₅, and R₆ are independently selected from H, OH or the C₁-C₁₂ esters or alkyl ethers thereof, halogen, cyano, C₁-C₆ alkyl, or trihalomethyl, preferably trifluoromethyl, with the proviso that, when R₁ is H, R₂ is not OH;

R₄ is selected from H, OH or the C₁-C₁₂ esters or alkyl ethers thereof, benzyloxy, halogen, cyano, C₁-C₆ alkyl, or trihalomethyl;

X is selected from H, C₁-C₆ alkyl, cyano, nitro, trifluoromethyl, halogen;

Y is the moiety

R₇ and R₈ are selected independently from H, C₁-C₆ alkyl, or combined by —(CH₂)p—, wherein p is an integer of from 2 to 6, so as to form a ring, the ring being optionally substituted by up to three substituents selected from the group of hydrogen, hydroxyl, halo, C₁-C₄ alkyl, trihalomethyl, C₁-C₄ alkoxy, trihalomethoxy, C₁-C₄ alkylthio, C₁-C₄ alkylsulfinyl, C₁-C₄ alkylsulfonyl, hydroxy (C₁-C₄)alkyl, —CO₂H, —CN, —CONH(C₁-C₄), —NH₃, C₁-C₄ alkylamino, C₁-C₄ dialkylamino, —NHSO₂(C₁-C₄), —NHCO(C₁-C₄), and —NO₃;

and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.

The rings formed by a concatenated R₇ and R₈, mentioned above, may include, but are not limited to, aziridine, azetidine, pyrrolidine, piperidine, hexamethyleneamine or heptamethyleneamine rings.

The most preferred compounds of this first subset of compounds are those having the structural formulas I or II, above, wherein R₁ is OH; R₂-R₆ are as defined above; X is selected from the group of Cl, NO₂, CN, CF₃, or CH₃; and Y is the moiety

and R₇ and R₈ are concatenated together as —(CH₂)_(r)—, wherein r is an integer of from 4 to 6, to form a ring optionally substituted by up to three substituents selected from the group of hydrogen, hydroxyl, halo, C₁-C₄ alkyl, trihalomethyl, C₁-C₄ alkoxy, trihalomethoxy, C₁-C₄ alkylthio, C₁-C₄ alkylsulfinyl, C₁-C₄ alkylsulfonyl, hydroxy (C₁-C₄)alkyl, —CO₂H, —CN, —CONH(C₁-C₄)alkyl, —NH₂, C₁-C₄ alkylamino, di(C₁-C₄)alkylamino, —NHSO₂(C₁-C₄)alkyl, —NHCO(C₁-C₄)alkyl, and —NO₂;

and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.

In another embodiment of this first subset of compounds, when R₇ and R₈ are concatenated together as —(CH₂)p—, wherein p is an integer of from 2 to 6, preferably 4 to 6, the ring so formed is optionally substituted with 1-3 substituents selected from a group containing C₁-C₃ alkyl, trifluoromethyl, halogen, hydrogen, phenyl, nitro, —CN.

Among the preferred compounds of this first subset of compounds are the following:

5-Benzyloxy-2-(4-ethoxy-phenyl)-3-methyl-1-[4-(2-piperidin-1-yl-ethoxy)-benzyl]-1H-indole;

5-Benzyloxy-2-phenyl-3-methyl-1-[4-(2-azepan-1-yl-ethoxy)-benzyl]-1H-indole;

5-Benzyloxy-2-(4-benzyloxy-phenyl)-3-methyl-1-[4-(2-azepan-1-yl-ethoxy)-benzyl]-1H-indole;

5-Benzyloxy-2-(4-benzyloxy-phenyl)-3-methyl-1-[4-(2-diisopropylamino-1-yl-ethoxy)-benzyl]-1H-indole;

5-Benzyloxy-2-(4-benzyloxy-phenyl)-3-methyl-1-[4-(2-butyl-methylamino-1-ylethoxy)-benzyl]-1H-indole;

5-Benzyloxy-2-(4-benzyloxy-phenyl)-3-methyl-1-{4-dimethylamino)-ethoxy]-benzyl}-1H-indole;

5-Benzyloxy-2-(4-benzyloxy-phenyl)-3-methyl-1-{4-[2-(2-methyl-piperidin-1-yl)-ethoxy]-benzyl}-1H-indole;

5-Benzyloxy-2-(4-benzyloxy-phenyl)-3-methyl-1-{4-[2-(3-methyl-piperidin-1-yl)-ethoxy]-benzyl}-1H-indole;

5-Benzyloxy-2-(4-benzyloxy-phenyl)-3-methyl-1-{4-[2-(4-methyl-piperidin-1-yl)-ethoxy]-benzyl}-1H-indole;

5-Benzyloxy-2-(4-benzyloxy-phenyl)-3-methyl-1{4-[2-((cis)-2,6-Dimethyl-piperidin-1-yl)-ethoxy]-benzyl}-1H-indole;

5-Benzyloxy-2-(4-benzyloxy-phenyl)-3-methyl-{4-[2-(1,3,3-trimethyl-6-aza-bicyclo[3.2.1]oct-6-yl)-ethoxy]-benzyl}-1H-indole;

(1S,4R)-5-Benzyloxy-2-(4-benzyloxy-phenyl)-3-methyl{4-[2-(2-Aza-bicyclo [2.2.1]hept-2-yl)-ethoxy]-benzyl}-1H-indole;

5-Benzyloxy-2-(4-flouro-phenyl)-3-methyl-1-[4-(2-azepan-1-yl-ethoxy)-benzyl]-1H-indole;

5-Benzyloxy-2-(4-flouro-phenyl)-3-methyl-1-[4-(2-piperidin-1-yl-ethoxy)-benzyl]-1H-indole;

5-Benzyloxy-2-(4-chloro-phenyl)-3-methyl-1-[4-(2-piperidin-1-yl-ethoxy)-benzyl]-1H-indole;

5-Benzyloxy-2-[3,4-methylenedioxy-phenyl]-3-methyl-1-[4-(2-piperidin-1-yl-ethoxy)-benzyl]-1H-indole;

5-Benzyloxy-2-[4-isopropoxy-phenyl]-3-methyl-1-[4-(2-piperidin-1-yl-ethoxy)-benzyl]-1H-indole;

5-Benzyloxy-2-[4-methyl-phenyl]-3-methyl-1-[4-(2-piperidin-1-yl-ethoxy)-benzyl]-1H-indole;

1-[4-(2-Azepan-1-yl-ethoxy)-benzyl]-5-benzyloxy-2-(3-benzyloxy-phenyl)-3-methyl-1H-indole;

5-Benzyloxy-2-(4-benzyloxy-3-fluoro-phenyl)-3-methyl-1-[4-(2-piperidin-1-yl-ethoxy)-benzyl]-1H-indole;

5-Benzyloxy-2-(4-benzyloxy-3-fluoro-phenyl)-3-methyl-1-[4-(2-azepan-1-yl-ethoxy)-benzyl]-1H-indole;

5-Benzyloxy-2-(3-methoxy-phenyl-1-[4-(2-piperidin-1-yl-ethoxy)-benzyl]-3-methyl-1H-indole;

5-Benzyloxy-3-methyl-1-[4-(2-piperidin-1-yl-ethoxy)-benzyl]-2-(4-trifluoromethoxy-phenyl)-1H-indole;

(2-{4-[5-Benzyloxy-2-(4-benzyloxy-phenyl)-3-methyl-indol-1-ylmethyl]-phenoxy}-ethyl)-cyclohexyl-amine;

5-Benzyloxy-2-(4-benzyloxy-phenyl)-3-methyl-1-{4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-ethoxy]-benzyl}-1H-indole;

1-[4-(2-Azepan-1-yl-ethoxy)-benzyl]-5-benzyloxy-2-(3-methoxy-phenyl)-3-methyl-1H-indole;

4-{3-Methyl-1-[4-(2-piperidin-1-yl-ethoxy)-benzyl]-1H-indole};

4-{3-Methyl-1-[4-(2-piperidin-1-yl-ethoxy)-benzyl]-1H-indol-2-yl}-phenol;

3-Methyl-2-phenyl-1-[4-(2-piperidine-1-yl-ethoxy)-benzyl]-1H-indol-5-ol;

4-{5-Methoxy-3-methyl-1-{4-[2-(piperidin-1-yl)-ethoxy]-benzyl}-1H-indol-2-yl}-phenol;

2-(4-methoxy-phenyl)-3-methyl-1-{4-[2-(piperidin-1-yl)-ethoxy]-benzyl}-1H-indol-5-ol;

5-Methoxy-2-(4-methoxy-phenyl)-3-methyl-1-[4-(2-piperidin-1-yl-ethoxy)-benzyl]-1H-indole;

1-[4-(2-Azepan-1-yl-ethoxy)-benzyl]-5-methoxy-2-(4-methoxy-phenyl)-3-methyl-1H-indole;

2-(4-Ethoxy-phenyl)-3-methyl-1-[4-(2-piperidin-1-yl-ethoxy)-benzyl]-1H-indol-5-ol;

1-[4-(2-Azepan-1-yl-ethoxy)-benzyl]-2-(4-ethoxy-phenyl)-3-methyl-1H-indol-5-ol;

4-{5-Fluoro-3-methyl-1-[4-(2-piperidin-1-yl-ethoxy)-benzyl]-1H-indol-2-yl}-phenol;

1-[4-(2-Azepan-1-yl-ethoxy)-benzyl]-3-methyl-2-phenyl-1H-indol-5-ol;

2-(4-Hydroxy-phenyl)-3-methyl-1-[4-(2-pyrollidin-1-yl-ethoxy)-benzyl]-1H-indol-5-ol;

1-[4-(2-Azepan-1-yl-ethoxy)-benzyl]-2-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-3-methyl-1H-indol-5-ol;

1-[4-(2-Azepan-1-yl-ethoxy)-benzyl]-2-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-3-methyl-1H-indol-5-ol;

1-[4-(2-Azocan-1-yl-ethoxy)-benzyl]-2-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-3-methyl-1H-indol-5-ol;

2-(4-Hydroxy-phenyl)-3-methyl-1-[4-(2-dimethyl-1-yl-ethoxy)-benzyl]-1H-indol-5-ol;

2-(4-Hydroxy-phenyl)-3-methyl-1-[4-(2-diethyl-1-yl-ethoxy)-benzyl]-1H-indol-5-ol;

1-[4-(2-Dipropylamino-ethoxy)-benzyl]-2-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-3-methyl-1H-indol-5-ol;

1-[4-(2-Dibutylamino-ethoxy)-benzyl]-2-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-3-methyl-1H-indol-5-ol;

1-[4-(2-Diisopropylamino-ethoxy)-benzyl]-2-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-3-methyl-1H-indol-5-ol;

1-{4-[2-(Butyl-methyl-amino)-ethoxy]-benzyl}-2-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-3-methyl-1H-indol-5-ol;

2-(4-Hydroxy-phenyl)-3-methyl-1-{4-[2-(2-methyl-piperidin-1-yl)-ethoxy]-benzyl}-1H-indol-5-ol;

2-(4-Hydroxy-phenyl)-3-methyl-1-{4-[2-(3-methyl-piperdin-1-yl)-ethoxy]-benzyl}-1H-indol-5-ol;

2-(4-Hydroxy-phenyl)-3-methyl-1-{4-[2-(4-methyl-piperidin-1-yl)-ethoxy]-benzyl}-1H-indol-5-ol;

1-{4-[2-(3,3-Dimethyl-piperidin-1-yl)-ethoxy]-benzyl}-2-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-3-methyl-1H-indol-5-ol;

1-{4-[2-((cis)-2,6-Dimethyl-piperidin-1-yl)-ethoxy]-benzyl}-2-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-3-methyl-1H-indol-5-ol;

2-(4-Hydroxy-phenyl)-1-{4-[2-(4-hydroxy-piperidin-1-yl)-ethoxy]-benzyl}-3-methyl-1H-indol-5-ol;

(1S,4R)-1-{4-[2-(2-Aza-bicyclo [2.2.1]hept-2-yl)-ethoxy]-benzyl}-2-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-3-methyl-1H-indol-5-ol;

2-(4-Hydroxy-phenyl)-3-methyl-1-{4-[2-(1,3,3-trimethyl-6-aza-bicyclo[3.2.1]oct-6-yl)-ethoxy]-benzyl}-1H-indol-5-ol;

2-(4-Fluoro-phenyl)-3-methyl-1-[4-(2-piperidine-1-yl-ethoxy)-benzyl]-1H-indol-5-ol;

1-[4-(2-Azepan-1-yl-ethoxy)-benzyl]-2-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-3-methyl-1H-indol-5-ol;

2-(3-Methoxy-4-hydroxy-phenyl)-3-methyl-1-[4-(2-piperidin-1-yl-ethoxy)-benzyl]-1H-indol-5-ol;

2-Benzo[1,3]dioxol-5-yl-3-methyl-1-[4-(2-piperidin-1-yl-ethoxy)-benzyl]-1H-indol-5-ol;

2-(4-Isopropoxy-phenyl)-3-methyl-1-[4-(2-piperidin-1-yl-ethoxy)-benzyl]-1H-indol-5-ol;

1-[4-(2-Azepan-1-yl-ethoxy)-benzyl]-2-(4-isopropoxy-phenyl)-3-methyl-1H-indol-5-ol;

2-(4-Cyclopenyloxy-phenyl)-3-methyl-1-[4-(2-piperidin-1-yl-ethoxy)-benzyl]-1H-indol-5-ol;

3-Methyl-1-[4-(2-piperidin-1-yl-ethoxy)-benzyl]-2-(4-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-1H-indol-5-ol;

3-Methyl-1-[4-(2-piperidin-1-yl-ethoxy)-benzyl]-2-p-tolyl-1H-indol-5-ol;

2-(4-Chloro-phenyl)-3-methyl-1-[4-(2-piperidin-1-yl-ethoxy)-benzyl]-1H-indol-5-ol;

2-(2,4-Dimethoxy-phenyl)-3-methyl-1-[4-(2-piperidin-1-yl-ethoxy)-benzyl]-1H-indol-5-ol;

2-(3-Hydroxy-phenyl)-3-methyl-1-[4-(2-piperidin-1-yl-ethoxy)-benzyl]-1H-indol-5-ol;

1-[4-(2-Azepan-1-yl-ethoxy)-benzyl]-2-(3-hydroxy-phenyl)-3-methyl-1H-indole-5-ol;

2-(3-Fluoro-4-hydroxy-phenyl)-3-methyl-1-[4-(2-piperidin-1-yl-ethoxy)-benzyl]-1H-indol-5-ol;

2-(3-Fluoro-4-hydroxy-phenyl)-3-methyl-1-[4-(azepan-1-yl-ethoxy)-benzyl]-1H-indol-5-ol;

2-(3-Methoxy-phenyl)-3-methyl-1-[4-(2-piperidin-1-yl-ethoxy)-benzyl]-1H-indole-5-ol;

3-Methyl-1-[4-(2-piperidin-1-yl-ethoxy)-benzyl]-2-(4-trifluoromethoxy-phenyl)-1H-indole-5-ol;

3-Chloro-2-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-1-[4-(2-pyrrolidin-1-yl-ethoxy)-benzyl]-1H-indol-5-ol;

3-Chloro-2-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-1-[4-(2-piperidin-1-yl-ethoxy)-benzyl]-1H-indol-5-ol;

3-Chloro-2-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-1-[4-(2-azepan-1-yl-ethoxy)-benzyl]-1H-indol-5-ol;

3-Chloro-2-(4-hydroxy-2-methyl-phenyl)-1-[4-(2-piperidin-1-yl-ethoxy)-benzyl]-1H-indol-5-ol;

2-(4-Hydroxy-phenyl)-3-ethyl-1-[4-(2-piperidin-1-yl-ethoxy)-benzyl]-1H-indol-5-ol;

5-Hydroxy-2-(4-Hydroxy-phenyl)-1-[4-(2-piperidin-1-yl-ethoxy)-benzyl]-1H-indole-3-carbonitrile;

1-[4-(2-Azepan-1-yl-ethoxy)-benzyl]-5-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-1H-indole-3-cabonitrile;

5-Benzyloxy-2-(4-benzyloxy-phenyl)-3-chloro-1-[4-(2-piperidin-1-yl-ethoxy)-benzyl]-1H-indole;

5-Benzyloxy-2-(4-benzyloxy-phenyl)-3-chloro-1-[4-(2-azepan-1-yl-ethoxy)-benzyl]-1H-indole;

5-Benzyloxy-2-(2-methyl-4-benzyloxy-phenyl)-3-chloro-1-[4-(2-piperidin-1-yl-ethoxy)-benzyl]-1H-indole;

5-Benzyloxy-2-(4-benzyloxy-phenyl)-3-ethyl-1-[4-(2-piperidin-1-yl-ethoxy)-benzyl]-1H-20 indole;

5-Benzyloxy-2-(4-benzyloxy-phenyl)-3-cyano-1-[4-(2-piperidin-1-yl-ethoxy)-benzyl]-1H-indole;

5-Benzyloxy-2-(4-benzyloxy-phenyl)-3-cyano-1-[4-(2-azepan-1-yl-ethoxy)-benzyl]-1H-indole;

Di-propionate of 1-[4-(2-Azepan-1-yl-ethoxy)-benzyl]-2-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-3-methyl-1H-indol-5-ol;

Di-pivalate of 1-[4-(2-Azepan-1-yl-ethoxy)-benzyl]-2-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-3-methyl-1H-indol-5-ol;

5-Benzyloxy-2-(4-benzyloxy-phenyl)-1-[4-(3-piperidin-1-yl-propoxy)-benzyl]-3-methyl-1H-indole;

2-(4-Hydroxy-phenyl)-3-methyl-1-{4-[3-(piperidin-1-yl)-propoxy]-benzyl}-1H-indol-5-ol;

2-(4-Hydroxy-phenyl)-1-[3-methoxy-4-(2-piperidin-1-yl-ethoxy)-benzyl]-3-methyl-1H-indol-5-ol;

2-(4-Hydroxy-phenyl)-1-[3-methoxy-4-(2-azepan-1-yl-ethoxy)-benzyl]-3-methyl-1H-indol-5-ol;

5-Benzyloxy-2-(4-benzyloxy-phenyl)-3-methyl-1-[3-Methoxy-4-(2-piperidin-1-yl-ethoxy)-benzyl]-1H-indole;

5-Benzyloxy-2-(4-benzyloxy-phenyl)-3-methyl-1-[2-Methoxy-4-(2-azepan-1-yl-ethoxy)-benzyl]-1H-indole;

2-(4-Hydroxy-phenyl)-3-methyl-1-[4-(2-piperidin-1-yl-ethoxy)-benzyl]-1H-indol-5-ol;

or the pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.

The compounds of this first subset or subgroup of compounds can be produced by the methods described in EP 0 802 183 A1, published Oct. 22, 1997, and U.S. Pat. No. 5,780,497, the subject matter of which is incorporated herein by reference, or by other methods known in the art. Aryloxy-alkyl-dialkylamines or aryloxy-alkyl-cyclic amines useful as intermediates in the production of the compounds above can be produced and used as disclosed in WO 99/19293, published Apr. 22, 1999, the subject matter of which is also incorporated herein by reference.

A second subset or subgroup of compounds useful with this invention includes those of formulas (V) or (VI), below:

wherein the variable substituents including R₁, R₂, R₃, R₄, R₅, R₆, n, X, and Y are as defined above, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

Among the preferred compounds of this second subset or subgroup are the following:

(E)-N,N-Diethyl-3-{4-[5-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-3-methyl-indol-1-ylmethyl]-phenyl}-acrylamide;

1(E)-N-tert-butyl-3-{4-[5-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-3-methyl-indol-1-ylmethyl]-phenyl}-acrylamide;

(E)-Pyrollidino-3-{4-[5-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-3-methyl-indol-1-ylmethyl]-phenyl}-acrylamide;

(E)-N,N-Dimethyl-3-{4-[5-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-3-methyl-indol-1-ylmethyl]-phenyl}-acrylamide;

(E)-N,N-Dibutyl-3-{4-[5-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-3-methyl-indol-1-ylmethyl]-phenyl}-acrylamide;

(E)-N-Butyl,N′-methyl-3-{4-[5-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-3-methyl-indol-1-ylmethyl]-phenyl}-acrylamide;

(E)-Morpholinino-3-{4-[5-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-3-methyl-indol-1-ylmethyl]-phenyl}-acrylamide;

(E)-3-{4-[5-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-3-methyl-indol-1-ylmethyl]-phenyl}-acrylamide;

(E)-N,Methyl-3-{4-[5-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-3-methyl-indol-1-ylmethyl]-phenyl}-acrylamide;

(E)-N,N-Dibutyl-3-{4-[5-hydroxy-2-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-3-methyl-indol-1-ylmethyl]-phenyl}-acrylamide;

(E)-N-Butyl, N′-Methyl-3-{4-[5-hydroxy-2-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-3-methyl-indol-1-ylmethyl]-phenyl}-acrylamide;

as well as the pharmaceutically acceptable salts and esters thereof.

The compounds of this second subset or subgroup of compounds can be produced by the methods described in EP 0 802 184 A1, published Oct. 22, 1997, which is incorporated herein by reference, or by other methods known in the art.

A third subset of compounds useful with the present invention include those of the formulae VII and VIII:

wherein n is 1, 2 or 3 and the variable substituents including R₁, R₂, R₃, R₄, R₅, R₆, n, X, and Y are as defined above, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

Among the preferred compounds of this third subset are:

2-(4-Hydroxy-phenyl)-3-methyl-1-[4-(3—N, N—dimethyl-1-yl-prop-1-ynyl)-benzyl]-1H-indol-5-ol;

2-(4-Hydroxy-phenyl)-3-methyl-1-[4-(3-piperidin-1-yl-prop-1-ynyl)-benzyl]-1H-indol-5-ol; and

2-(4-Hydroxy-phenyl)-3-methyl-1-[4-(3-pyrrolidin-1-yl-prop-1-ynyl)-benzyl]-1H-indol-5-ol;

or pharmaceutically acceptable salts or esters thereof.

The compounds of this third subset or subgroup of compounds can be produced by the methods described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,880,137 (Miller et al.), which is incorporated herein by reference, or by other methods known in the art.

Within each of the first, second and third subsets of compounds of this invention are further subdivisions of more preferred compounds having the general structures I through VIII, above, wherein:

R₁ is selected from H, OH or the C₁-C₁₂ esters or alkyl ethers thereof, halogen;

R₂, R₃, R₄, R₅, and R₆ are independently selected from H, OH or the C₁-C₁₂ esters or alkyl ethers thereof, halogen, cyano, C₁-C₆ alkyl, or trihalomethyl, preferably trifluoromethyl, with the proviso that, when R₁ is H, R₂ is not OH;

X is selected from H, C₁-C₆ alkyl, cyano, nitro, trifluoromethyl, halogen;

Y is the moiety

R₇ and R₈ are selected independently from H, C₁-C₆ alkyl, or combined by —(CH₂)p—, wherein p is an integer of from 2 to 6, so as to form a ring, the ring being optionally substituted by up to three substituents selected from the group of hydrogen, hydroxyl, halo, C₁-C₄ alkyl, trihalomethyl, C₁-C₄ alkoxy, trihalomethoxy, C₁-C₄ alkylthio, C₁-C₄ alkylsulfinyl, C₁-C₄ alkylsulfonyl, hydroxy (C₁-C₄)alkyl, —CO₂H, —CN, —CONH(C₁-C₄), —NH₃, C₁-C₄ alkylamino, C₁-C₄ dialkylamino, —NHSO₂(C₁-C₄), —NHCO(C₁-C₄), and —NO₃;

and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.

The rings formed by a concatenated R₇ and R₈, mentioned above, may include, but are not limited to, aziridine, azetidine, pyrrolidine, piperidine, hexamethyleneamine or heptamethyleneamine rings.

The most preferred compounds of the present invention are those having the structural formulas I through VIII, above, wherein R₁ is OH; R₂-R₆ are as defined above; X is selected from the group of Cl, NO₂, CN, CF₃, or CH₃; and Y is the moiety

and R₇ and R₈ are concatenated together as —(CH2)_(r)—, wherein r is an integer of from 4 to 6, to form a ring optionally substituted by up to three substituents selected from the group of hydrogen, hydroxyl, halo, C₁-C₄ alkyl, trihalomethyl, C₁-C₄ alkoxy, trihalomethoxy, C₁-C₄ alkylthio, C₁-C₄ alkylsulfinyl, C₁-C₄ alkylsulfonyl, hydroxy (C₁-C₄)alkyl, —CO₂H, —CN, —CONH(C₁-C₄)alkyl, —NH₂, C₁-C₄ alkylamino, di(C₁-C₄)alkylamino, —NHSO₂(C₁-C₄)alkyl, —NHCO(C₁-C₄)alkyl, and —NO₂;

and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.

In another embodiment of this invention, when R₇ and R₈ are concatenated together as —(CH₂)p—, wherein p is an integer of from 2 to 6, preferably 4 to 6, the ring so formed is optionally substituted with 1-3 substituents selected from a group containing C₁-C₃ alkyl, trifluoromethyl, halogen, hydrogen, phenyl, nitro, —CN.

The invention includes sulfate, sulfamates and sulfate esters of phenolic groups. Sulfates can be readily prepared by the reaction of the free phenolic compounds with sulfur trioxide complexed with an amine such as pyridine, trimethylamine, triethylamine, etc. Sulfamates can be prepared by treating the free phenolic compound with the desired amino or alkylamino or dialkylamino sulfamyl chloride in the presence of a suitable base such as pyridine. Sulfate esters can be prepared by reaction of the free phenol with the desired alkanesulfonyl chloride in the presence of a suitable base such as pyridine. Additionally, this invention includes compounds containing phosphates at the phenol as well as dialkyl phosphates. Phosphates can be prepared by reaction of the phenol with the appropriate chlorophosphate. The dialkylphosphates can be hydrolyzed to yield the free phosphates. Phosphinates are also claimed where the phenol is reacted with the desired dialkylphosphinic chloride to yield the desired dialkylphosphinate of the phenol.

The invention includes acceptable salt forms formed from the addition reaction with either inorganic or organic acids. Inorganic acids such as hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, hydroiodic acid, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, nitric acid useful as well as organic acids such as acetic acid, propionic acid, citric acid, maleic acid, malic acid, tartaric acid, phthalic acid, succinic acid, methanesulfonic acid, toluenesulfonic acid, napthalenesulfonic acid, camphorsulfonic acid, benzenesulfonic acid are useful. It is known that compounds possessing a basic nitrogen can be complexed with many different acids (both protic and non-protic) and usually it is preferred to administer a compound of this invention in the form of an acid addition salt. Additionally, this invention includes quaternary ammonium salts of the compounds herein. These can be prepared by reacting the nucleophilic amines of the side chain with a suitably reactive alkylating agent such as an alkyl halide or benzyl halide.

It is understood that the dosage, regimen and mode of administration of these compounds will vary according to the malady and the individual being treated and will be subject to the judgement of the medical practitioner involved. It is preferred that the administration of one or more of the compounds herein begin at a low dose and be increased until the desired effects are achieved.

Effective administration of these compounds may be given at an effective dose of from about 0.1 mg/day to about 500 mg/day. Preferably, administration will be from about 1 mg/day to about 200 mg/day in a single dose or in two or more divided doses. Such doses may be administered in any manner useful in directing the active compounds herein to the recipient's bloodstream, including orally, parenterally (including intravenous, intraperitoneal and subcutaneous injections), and transdermally. For the purposes of this disclosure, transdermal administrations are understood to include all administrations across the surface of the body and the inner linings of bodily passages including epithelial and mucosal tissues. Such administrations may be carried out using the present compounds, or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, in lotions, creams, foams, patches, suspensions, solutions, and suppositories (rectal and vaginal).

When the active ingredient in the formulations and methods of this invention is 1-[4-(2-Azepan-1yl-ethoxy)-benzyl]-2-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-3-methyl-1H-indol-5-ol, also known as TSE-424, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, the preferred daily dosage for oral delivery is from about 0.1 to about 50 mg, preferably from about 2.5 to about 40 mg per day.

When the active ingredient in the formulations and methods of this invention is 2-(4-Hydroxy-phenyl)-3-methyl-1-(4-(2-piperidin-1-yl-ethoxy)-benzyl]-1H-indol-5-ol, also known as ERA-923, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt form thereof, the preferred daily dosage for oral delivery is from about 0.1 to about 200 mg, preferably from about 2.5 to about 100 mg per day.

Oral formulations containing the active compounds of this invention may comprise any conventionally used oral forms, including tablets, capsules, buccal forms, troches, lozenges and oral liquids, suspensions or solutions. Capsules may contain mixtures of the active compound(s) with inert fillers and/or diluents such as the pharmaceutically acceptable starches (e.g. corn, potato or tapioca starch), sugars, artificial sweetening agents, powdered celluloses, such as crystalline and microcrystalline celluloses, flours, gelatins, gums, etc. Useful tablet formulations may be made by conventional compression, wet granulation or dry granulation methods and utilize pharmaceutically acceptable diluents, binding agents, lubricants, disintegrants, suspending or stabilizing agents, including, but not limited to, magnesium stearate, stearic acid, talc, sodium lauryl sulfate, microcrystalline cellulose, carboxymethylcellulose calcium, polyvinylpyrrolidone, gelatin, alginic acid, acacia gum,, xanthan gum, sodium citrate, complex silicates, calcium carbonate, glycine, dextrin, sucrose, sorbitol, dicalcium phosphate, calcium sulfate, lactose, kaolin, mannitol, sodium chloride, talc, dry starches and powdered sugar. Oral formulations herein may utilize standard delay or time release formulations to alter the absorption of the active compound(s). Suppository formulations may be made from traditional materials, including cocoa butter, with or without the addition of waxes to alter the suppository's melting point, and glycerin. Water soluble suppository bases, such as polyethylene glycols of various molecular weights, may also be used.

The pharmaceutically effective doses for the estrogens and substituted indoles herein will be understood to be those sufficient to provide a desirable diminution in the risk or incidence of the sphincter incontinence in question. Preferably the compounds will be administered at a minimal dose effective to maintain or increase the sphincter continence in the recipient, as determined and directed by a medical professional.

The estrogens herein may be administered according to the regimens and doses known in the art. For instance, the preferred Premarin® conjugated estrogen tablets may be administered as described in pages 3302-3305 of the Physicians' Desk Reference, 54 Edition, 2000, Medical Economics Company, Inc., Montvale, N.J. 07645-1742. Other commercially available estrogens useful with the present invention include OGEN® (estropipate tablets), ESTRATAB® (esterified estrogens tablets), ESTRACE® estradiol vaginal cream, CLIMARA® (estradiol transdermal system), ESTRADERM® (transdermal system), MENEST™ (esterified estrogens tablets), ORTHO-EST® (estropipate tablets), CENESTIN™ (synthetic conjugated estrogens), ALORA® (estradiol transdermal system), ESTINYL® (ethynil estradiol), and the VIVELLE® and VIVELLE-DOT® (estradiol transdermal systems). Each of these commercially available estrogen products can be administered as described in their relevant portions of the Physicians' Desk Reference, 54 Edition, 2000.

The following table lists estrogen replacement therapies and dosage strengths available in the United States and/or Europe

Generic Name Brand Name Strength Oral estrogens Conjugated equine estrogens Premarin 0.3, 0.625, 0.9, (natural) 1.25, 2.5 mg Cenestin Conjugated estrogens 0.625, 0.9 mg (synthetic) Estratab Esterified estrogens (75-80% 0.3, 0.625, 1.25, estrone 2.5 mg sulfate Ogen Ortho-Est 6-15% equilin sulfate derived Estrace 0.625, 1.25, 2.5 mg from plant sterols) Evista 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 mg Estropipate (Piperazine 60 mg estrone sulfate) Micronized estradiol Estratest Raloxifene (selective estrogen 1.25 mg esterified receptor modulator) Estratest HS estrogen and 2.5 mg methylestosterone Esterified estrogens and Climaval 0.625 mg esterified methylestosterone Elleste Solo estrogen and Estrofem 1.25 mg Estrofem Forte methylestosterone Harmogen Hormonin 1 mg, 2 mg Estradiol valerate 1 mg, 2 mg Estradiol 2 mg Estradiol Progynova 4 mg Estradiol Zumenon 1.5 mg Piperazine esterone sulfate 1.4 mg Combination: Estrone 0.6 mg     Estradiol 0.27 mg     Estriol Alora (twice 1 mg, 2 mg Estradiol valerate weekly) 1 mg, 2 mg Estradiol Climara (weekly) Estraderm (2x weekly) Transdermal estrogens Fem Patch 0.025, 0.0375, 0.05, Estradiol (weekly) 0.075, Vivelle (twice 0.1 mg of estradiol weekly) released Dermestril daily (dose options Estraderm for various Estradiol Evorel (Systen) products) Estradiol Fematrix Estradiol Menorest 25, 50, 100 μg Estradiol Progynova TS 25, 50, 100 μg Estradiol And TS Forte 25, 50, 75, 100 μg (Climara) 40, 80 μg Estradiol 25, 37.5, 50, 75 μg Premarin vaginal 50, 100 μg Vaginal estrogens cream Conjugated equine estrogens Ortho dienestrol Dienestrol cream Estradiol Estring Estropipate Ogen vaginal Micronized estradiol cream 0.625 mg/g Estrace vaginal 0.1 mg/g cream 7.5 μg 1.5 mg/g 1.0 mg/g

The joint administration of the two groups of compounds in these methods will be determined by a medical professional based upon the condition of the recipient and the malady for which the prophylaxis or treatment is provided. For prophylaxis, such as the combination of one or more estrogens and one of the substituted indoles herein, administration of all compounds of the regimen may begin simultaneously or one may be introduced into an ongoing regimen of the other.

The joint administration of the two groups of compounds in these methods will be determined by a medical professional based upon the condition of the recipient and the malady for which the prophylaxis or treatment is provided. Administration of the two compounds may begin simultaneously or one may be introduced into an ongoing regimen of the other.

Solid oral formulations, preferably in the form of a film coated tablet or capsule, useful for this invention include the active pharmacological agents disclosed herein in combination with carrier or excipient systems having the components:

a) a filler and disintegrant component comprising from about 5% to about 82% by weight (wght) of the total formulation, preferably between about 30% and about 80% of the formulation, of which from about 4% to about 40% by weight of the total formulation comprises one or more pharmaceutically acceptable disintegrants;

b) optionally, a wetting agent comprising from about 0.2 to about 5% of the composition (wght), such as selected from the group of sodium lauryl sulfate, polyoxyethylene sorbitan fatty acid esters, polyoxyethylene alkyl ethers, sorbitan fatty acid esters, polyethylene glycols, polyoxyethylene castor oil derivatives, docusate sodium, quaternary ammonium compounds, sugar esters of fatty acids and glycerides of fatty acids;

c) a lubricant comprising from about 0.2% to about 10% of the composition (wght), such as selected from the group of magnesium stearate or other metallic stearates (e.g. calcium stearate or zinc stearate), fatty acid esters (e.g. sodium stearyl fumarate), fatty acids (e.g. stearic acid), fatty alcohols, glyceryl behenate, mineral oil, parrafins, hydrogenated vegetable oils, leucine, polyethylene glycols, metallic lauryl sulfates and sodium chloride; and

d) optionally, a glidant comprising from about 0.1% to about 10% (wght) of the composition, the glidant selected from those known in the art, including from the group of silicon dioxide, talc, metallic stearates, calcium silicate, or metallic lauryl sulfates.

While the formulations described herein may be used in an uncoated or non-encapsulated solid form, preferably the final compositions are coated or encapsulated. The pharmacological compositions may be optionally coated with a film coating, preferably comprising from about 0.3% to about 8% by weight of the overall composition. Film coatings useful with the present formulations are known in the art and generally consist of a polymer (usually a cellulosic type of polymer), a colorant and a plasticizer. Additional ingredients such as wetting agents, sugars, flavors, oils and lubricants may be included in film coating formulations to impart certain characteristics to the film coat. The compositions and formulations herein may also be combined and processed as a solid, then placed in a capsule form, such as a gelatin capsule.

The filler component listed above may utilize the filler or binder components known in the art for solid oral formulations. Pharmaceutically acceptable fillers or binding agents selected from those known in the art including, but not limited to, lactose, microcrystalline cellulose, sucrose, mannitol, calcium phosphate, calcium carbonate, powdered cellulose, maltodextrin, sorbitol, starch, or xylitol.

In conjunction with or in place of the materials listed above for the filler component, the present formulations utilize disintegrant agents. These disintegrants may be selected from those known in the art, including pregelatinized starch and sodium starch glycolate. Other useful disintegrants include croscarmellose sodium, crospovidone, starch, alginic acid, sodium alginate, clays (e.g. veegum or xanthan gum), cellulose floc, ion exchange resins, or effervescent systems, such as those utilizing food acids (such as citric acid, tartaric acid, malic acid, fumaric acid, lactic acid, adipic acid, ascorbic acid, aspartic acid, erythorbic acid, glutamic acid, and succinic acid) and an alkaline carbonate component (such as sodium bicarbonate, calcium carbonate, magnesium carbonate, potassium carbonate, ammonium carbonate, etc.). The disintegrant(s) useful herein will comprise from about 4% to about 40% of the composition by weight, preferably from about 15% to about 35%, more preferably from about 20% to about 35%. Some components may have multiple functions in the formulations of this invention, acting e.g. as both a filler and a disintegrant, such a component may be referred to as a filler disintegrant and its function in a specific formulation may be singular even though its properties may allow multiple functionality.

The pharmaceutical formulations and carrier or excipient systems herein preferably also contain an antioxidant or a mixture of antioxidants, most preferably ascorbic acid. Other antioxidants which may be used include sodium ascorbate and ascorbyl palmitate, preferably in conjunction with an amount of ascorbic acid. A preferable range for the antioxidant(s) is from about 0.5% to about 15% by weight, most preferably from about 0.5% to about 5% by weight.

Among the formulations of this invention are pharmaceutical formulations containing a pharmaceutically effective amount of an active pharmacological agent and a carrier or excipient system comprising:

a) a filler and disintegrant component comprising between about 50% and about 87% of the formulation, with from about 4% to about 40% of the formulation comprising one or more disintegrant agents;

b) a wetting agent comprising between about 0.5% and about 2.7% of the formulation;

c) a lubricant comprising between about 0.2% and about 5.5% of the formulation; and

d) a glidant comprising between about 0.1% and about 5.5% of the formulation.

The percentages listed in the formulations above indicate percentages by weight of the total weight of the components listed from a) to d). The formulations above also preferably contain an optional antioxidant component, preferably ascorbic acid, at a concentration of from about 0.5% to about 5.5% by weight of the formulation. The formulations are also preferably contained within a pharmaceutically acceptable capsule, such as a gel capsule, or coated with a film coating comprising from about 0.3% to about 8% by weight of the formulation.

This invention also comprises a pharmaceutical carrier or excipient systems useful in pharmaceutical compositions utilizing as an active ingredient one or more of the compounds described herein, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, as described herein. These pharmaceutical carrier or excipient systems comprise, by weight:

a) a filler and disintegrant component comprising between about 54% and about 80% of the formulation, with the disintegrant agent(s) therein comprising from about 4% to about 40% by weight of the overall formulation;

b) a wetting agent comprising between about 0.55% and about 2.5% of the formulation;

c) a lubricant comprising between about 0.2% and about 5.5% of the formulation; and

d) a glidant comprising between about 0.1% and about 5.0% of the formulation.

The more preferred carrier or excipient systems above also optionally and preferably contain an antioxidant component, preferably ascorbic acid, at a concentration of from about 0.1% to about 5.0% by weight.

Among the carrier or excipient systems of this invention are those comprising:

a) a filler and disintegrant component, as described above, comprising between about 50% and about 87% of the formulation, the disintegrant(s) therein comprising from about 25% to about 35% of the formulation, by weight;

b) a wetting agent comprising between about 0.55% and about 2.7% of the formulation;

c) a lubricant comprising between about 0.2% and about 5.5% of the formulation;

d) a glidant comprising between about 0.1% and about 5.5% of the formulation; and

e) an antioxidant component, preferably ascorbic acid, at a concentration of from about 0.1% to about 5.5% by weight.

EXAMPLE 1 TSE-424 Acetate—Rapid Dissolution Formulations

without with Ascorbic Ascorbic Ingredient Acid Acid TSE-424 acetate, 10.00 10.00 micronized* Lactose NF fast flow 33.10 31.60 Microcrystalline 25.00 25.00 Cellulose, NF (Avicel PH101) Starch 1500 20.00 20.00 Sodium Lauryl Sulfate 1.50 1.50 NF Sodium Starch Glycolate 10.00 10.00 Ascorbic Acid USP — 1.5 Syloid 244 FP 0.15 0.15 Magnesium Stearate 0.25 0.25 *Amount in formula is adjusted for actual potency of TSE-424 as free base. Corresponding adjustment made with Lactose.

The formulations given above in Table 1 were prepared by incorporating a portion of the excipients in the granulation and a portion is also added in the final blending steps as dry powders. A dissolution profile generated for the formulations demonstrated almost 90% release of the drug in 30 minutes. Thus, the unique combination of disintegrants and soluble diluents plus the incorporation of both granulated and powdered solids into the composition ensures the fastest release of drug.

Wet granulation of the formulations as described in Table 1 may be carried out by mixing the drug and ascorbic acid with a portion of the lactose, microcrystalline cellulose, pregelatinized starch and sodium starch glycolate. The sodium lauryl sulfate is dissolved in the water and used to granulate the mixture of powders in a high shear mixer. The granulation is dried in a fluid bed dryer to a moisture of 2-3%. The particle size of the dried granulation is controlled by passing through a mill equipped with knife-edged blades and using a 20- or 30-mesh screen. The silicon dioxide and remaining lactose, microcrystalline cellulose, pregelatinized starch, and sodium starch glycolate are mixed with the milled granulation in a tumble-type mixer. The final blend is prepared by adding magnesium stearate to the tumble-type mixer and mixing. Compression is carried out on a rotary tablet press using appropriate size tooling. Coating is performed in conventional coating pans and applying the coating suspension to achieve a suitable film coat.

EXAMPLE 2 Modified TSE-424 Formulation

% w/w 5% Ingredient granulation TSE-424 acetate, micronized^(a) 5.00 Lactose NF 41.00 Microcrystalline Cellulose, NF 35.00 Pregelatinized Starch NF 10.00 Sodium Lauryl Sulfate NF 1.50 I-Ascorbic Acid USP 1.50 Sodium Starch Glycolate NF 5.50 Magnesium Stearate NF 0.50 Pur. Water USP^(b) qs ^(a)Amount in formula is adjusted for actual potency of TSE-424 as free base. Corresponding adjustment made with Lactose. ^(b)Used in process but does not appear in the final product.

EXAMPLE 3 ERA-923 Formulations

% w/w 10.86% 11.19% 17.5% 17.9% granula- granula- granula- granula- Ingredient tion tion tion tion ERA-923, micronized^(a) 10.867 11.193 17.489 17.909 Lactose NF 29.000 29.000 17.380 18.000 Microcrystalline Cellulose, 40.633 42.807 38.000 39.090 NF Pregelatinized Starch NF 10.000 10.000 14.630 15.000 Sodium Lauryl Sulfate NF 2.500 — 2.500 — I-Ascorbic Acid USP 1.500 1.500 1.500 1.500 Sodium Starch Glycolate 5.000 5.000 8.000 8.000 NF Magnesium Stearate NF 0.500 0.500 0.500 0.500 Pur. Water USP^(b) qs qs qs qs ^(a)As the Hydrochloride Monohydrate. Quantity is adjusted based on the actual potency (theory = 89.34%). ^(b)Used in process but does not appear in the final product. ERA-923 tablets are compressed to a tablet weight of up to 640 mg to achieve the target dose (up to 100 mg). Tablets may then be film coated.

EXAMPLE 4 TSE-424 at 5% Granulation

A preferred carrier or excipient system for formulating a granulation of from about 2 to about 8% by weight of one of the active pharmacological agents of this invention, preferably about 5%, may be produced utilizing the carrier or excipient components on a weight percentage; lactose from about 32% to about 38%, microcrystalline cellulose from about 32% to about 38%, pregelatinized starch from about 12% to about 16%, ascorbic acid from about 1% to about 2%, sodium lauryl sulfate from about 1% to about 2%, sodium starch glycolate from about 4% to about 8%, silicon dioxide from about 0.1 % to about 0.2% and magnesium stearate from about 0.3% to about 0.7%.

A formulation of this invention utilizing TSE-424 as the active ingredient at a 5% granulation was prepared utilizing the components listed below in a granulation part of components and a dry part.

Item No. Ingredients Mg/Unit Granulation Part:  1 TSE-424 acetate 5.00  2 Lactose NF 26.60  3 Microcrystalline Cellulose NF 25.00  4 Pregelatinized Starch NF 10.00  5 Ascorbic Acid USP 1.50  6 Sodium Lauryl Sulfate NF 1.50  7 Sodium Starch Glycolate NF 4.00  8 Water, Purified USP Q.S. 73.60 Dry Part:  9 Lactose NF (fast flo) 9.75 10 Microcrystalline Cellulose NF 10.00 11 Pregelatinized Starch NF 4.00 12 Sodium Starch Glycolate NF 2.00 13 Silicon Dioxide NF 0.15 14 Magnesium Stearate NF 0.50 100.00

A film coat of White Opadry I (YS-1-18027-A) was applied to the tablets, which were compressed as follows:

Dose of TSE-424 tablet weight, mg mg of film coat applied/tablet  5 mg 100 6.0 10 mg 200 8.0 20 mg 400 13.0 

What is claimed:
 1. A method for the inducement of sphincter continence in a mammal, the method comprising administering to a mammal in need thereof a pharmaceutically effective amount of one or more estrogens, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and a pharmaceutically effective amount of a compound of the formulae I or II:

wherein Z is a moiety selected from the group consisting of:

wherein: R₁ is selected from H, OH or the C₁-C₁₂ esters or C₁-C₁₂ alkyl ethers thereof, benzyloxy, or halogen; or C₁-C₄ halogenated ethers; R₂, R₃, R₅ and R₆ are independently selected from H, OH or the C₁-C₁₂ esters or C₁-C₁₂ alkyl ethers thereof, halogens, or C₁-C₄ halogenated ethers, cyano, C₁-C₆ alkyl, or trifluoromethyl, with the proviso that, when R₁ is H, R₂ is not OH; R₄ is selected from H, OH or the C₁-C₁₂ esters or C₁-C₁₂ alkyl ethers thereof, halogens, or C₁-C₄ halogenated ethers, benzyloxy, cyano, C₁-C₆ alkyl, or trifluoromethyl; X is selected from H, C₁-C₆ alkyl, cyano, nitro, trifluoromethyl, halogen; n is 1, 2 or 3; Y is selected from: a) the moiety:

wherein R₇ and R₈ are independently selected from the group consisting of H, C₁-C₆ alkyl, and phenyl optionally substituted by CN, C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxy, halogen, —OH, —CF₃, or —OCF₃; b) a five-membered saturated, unsaturated or partially unsaturated heterocycle containing up to two heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of —O—, —NH—, —N(C₁C₄ alkyl)—, —N═, and —S(O)_(m)—, wherein m is an integer of from 0-2, optionally substituted with 1-3 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, hydroxyl, halo, C₁-C₄ alkyl, trihalomethyl, C₁-C₄ alkoxy, trihalomethoxy, C₁-C₄ acyloxy, C₁-C₄ alkylthio, C₁-C₄ alkylsulfinyl, C₁-C₄ alkylsulfonyl, hydroxy (C₁-C₄)alkyl, —CO₂H—, —CN—, —CONHR₁—, —NH₂—, C₁-C₄ alkylamino, di(C₁-C₄)alkylamino, —NHSO₂R₁—, —NHCOR₁—, —NO₂, and phenyl optionally substituted with 1-3 (C₁-C₄)alkyl; c) a six-membered saturated, unsaturated or partially unsaturated heterocycle containing up to two heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of —O—, —NH—, —N(C₁C₄ alkyl)—, —N═, and —S(O)_(m)—, wherein m is an integer of from 0-2, optionally substituted with 1-3 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, hydroxyl, halo, C₁-C₄ alkyl, trihalomethyl, C₁-C₄ alkoxy, trihalomethoxy, C₁-C₄ acyloxy, C₁-C₄ alkylthio, C₁-C₄ alkylsulfinyl, C₁-C₄ alkylsulfonyl, hydroxy (C₁-C₄)alkyl, —CO₂H—, —CN—, —CONHR₁—, —NH₂—, C₁-C₄ alkylamino, di(C₁-C₄)alkylamino, —NHSO₂R₁—, —NHCOR₁—, —NO₂, and phenyl optionally substituted with 1-3 (C₁-C₄)alkyl; d) a seven-membered saturated, unsaturated or partially unsaturated heterocycle containing up to two heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of —O—, —NH—, —N(C₁-C₄ alkyl)—, —N═, and —S(O)_(m)—, wherein m is an integer of from 0-2, optionally substituted with 1-3 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, hydroxyl, halo, C₁-C₄ alkyl, trihalomethyl, C₁-C₄ alkoxy, trihalomethoxy, C₁-C₄ acyloxy, C₁-C₄ alkylthio, C₁-C₄ alkylsulfinyl, C₁-C₄ alkylsulfonyl, hydroxy (C₁-C₄)alkyl, —CO₂H—, —CN—, —CONHR₁—, —NH₂—, C₁-C₄ alkylamino, di(C₁-C₄)alkylamino, —NHSO₂R₁—, —NHCOR₁—, —NO₂, and phenyl optionally substituted with 1-3 (C₁-C₄)alkyl; or e) a bicyclic heterocycle containing from 6-12 carbon atoms either bridged or fused and containing up to two heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of —O—, —NH—, —N(C₁C₄ alkyl)—, and —S(O)_(m)—, wherein m is an integer of from 0-2, optionally substituted with 1-3 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, hydroxyl, halo, C₁-C₄ alkyl, trihalomethyl, C₁-C₄ alkoxy, trihalomethoxy, C₁-C₄ acyloxy, C₁-C₄ alkylthio, C₁-C₄ alkylsulfinyl, C₁-C₄ alkylsulfonyl, hydroxy (C₁-C₄)alkyl, —CO₂H—, —CN—, —CONHR₁—, —NH₂—, C₁-C₄ alkylamino, di(C₁-C₄)alkylamino, —NHSO₂R₁—, —NHCOR₁—, —NO₂, and phenyl optionally substituted with 1-3 (C₁-C₄) alkyl; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
 2. The method of claim 1 wherein in the compound of the formulae I or II: R₁ is selected from H, OH or the C₁-C₁₂ esters or alkyl ethers thereof, benzyloxy, or halogen; R₂, R₃, R₅, and R₆ are independently selected from H, OH or the C₁-C₁₂ esters or alkyl ethers thereof, halogen, cyano, C₁-C₆ alkyl, or trihalomethyl; with the proviso that, when R₁ is H, R₂ is not OH; R₄ is selected from H, OH or the C₁-C₁₂ esters or alkyl ethers thereof, benzyloxy, halogen, cyano, C₁-C₆ alkyl, or trihalomethyl; X is selected from H, C₁-C₆ alkyl, cyano, nitro, trifluoromethyl, halogen; Y is the moiety

R₇ and R₈ are selected independently from H, C₁-C₆ alkyl, or combined by —(CH₂)p—, wherein p is an integer of from 2 to 6, so as to form a ring, the ring being optionally substituted by up to three substituents selected from the group of hydrogen, hydroxyl, halo, C₁-C₄ alkyl, trihalomethyl, C₁-C₄ alkoxy, trihalomethoxy, C₁-C₄ alkylthio, C₁-C₄ alkylsulfinyl, C₁-C₄ alkylsulfonyl, hydroxy (C₁-C₄)alkyl, —CO₂H, —CN, —CONH(C₁-C₄), —NH₃, C₁-C₄ alkylamino, C₁-C₄ dialkylamino, —NHSO₂(C₁-C₄), —NHCO(C₁-C₄), and —NO₃; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
 3. The method of claim 2 wherein, in the compound of the formulae I or II, the ring formed by a the combination of R₇ and R₈ by —(CH₂)p— is selected from aziridine, azetidine, pyrrolidine, piperidine, hexamethyleneamine or heptamethyleneamine.
 4. The method of claim 1 utilizing a compound of the formulae I or II, wherein R₁ is OH; R₂-R₆ are as defined in claim 1; X is selected from the group of Cl, NO₂, CN, CF₃, or CH₃; and Y is the moiety

and R₇ and R₈ are concatenated together as —(CH₂)_(r)—, wherein r is an integer of from 4 to 6, to form a ring optionally substituted by up to three substituents selected from the group of hydrogen, hydroxyl, halo, C₁-C₄ alkyl, trihalomethyl, C₁-C₄ alkoxy, trihalomethoxy, C₁-C₄ alkylthio, C₁-C₄ alkylsulfinyl, C₁-C₄ alkylsulfonyl, hydroxy (C₁-C₄)alkyl, —CO₂H, —CN, —CONH(C₁-C₄)alkyl, —NH₂, C₁-C₄ alkylamino, di(C₁-C₄)alkylamino, —NHSO₂(C₁-C₄)alkyl, —NHCO(C₁-C₄)alkyl, and —NO₂; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
 5. The method of inducing sphincter continence of claim 1 wherein the sphincter is a urinary sphincter.
 6. The method of inducing sphincter continence of claim 1 wherein the sphincter is an anal sphincter.
 7. The method of inducing sphincter continence of claim 1 wherein the sphincter is a lower esophageal sphincter.
 8. The method of claim 1 wherein the one or more estrogens are selected from the group of estrone, estriol, equilin, estradiene, equilenin, ethinyl estradiol, 17β-estradiol, 17α-dihydroequilenin, 17β-dihydroequilenin, 17α-dihydroequilin, 17β-dihydroequilin, menstranol, conjugated estrogenic hormones, equol, enterolactone, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
 9. A method for inducement of sphincter continence in a mammal, the method comprising administering to a mammal in need thereof a pharmaceutically effective amount of one or more estrogens, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and a pharmaceutically effective amount of a compound of the formulae (III) or (IV):

wherein R₁, R₂, R₃, R₄, R₅, R₆, n, X, and Y are as defined in claim 1, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
 10. A method for inducement of sphincter continence in a mammal, the method comprising administering to a mammal in need thereof a pharmaceutically effective amount of one or more estrogens, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and a pharmaceutically effective amount of a compound of the formulae (V) or (VI):

wherein R₁, R₂, R₃, R₄, R₅, R₆, X, and Y are as defined in claim 1, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
 11. A method for inducement of sphincter continence in a mammal, the method comprising administering to a mammal in need thereof a pharmaceutically effective amount of one or more estrogens, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and a pharmaceutically effective amount of a compound of the formulae VII or VIII:

wherein R₁, R₂, R₃, R₄, R₅, R₆, n, X, and Y are as defined in claim 1, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
 12. A method for inducement of sphincter control in a mammal, the method comprising administering to a mammal in need thereof a pharmaceutically effective amount of 1-[4-(2-Azepan-1yl-ethoxy)-benzyl]-2-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-3-methyl-1H-indol-5-ol, or a pharmaceutically effective salt thereof, and one or more estrogens, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
 13. The method of claim 12 wherein the one or more estrogens are conjugated estrogenic hormones.
 14. The method of inducing sphincter continence of claim 12 wherein the sphincter is a urinary sphincter.
 15. The method of inducing sphincter continence of claim 12 wherein the sphincter is an anal sphincter.
 16. A method for the inducement of sphincter control in a mammal, the method comprising administering to a mammal in need thereof a pharmaceutically effective amount of 2-(4-Hydroxy-phenyl)-3-methyl-1-(4-(2-piperidin-1-yl-ethoxy)-benzyl]-1H-indol-5-ol, or a pharmaceutically effective salt thereof, one or more estrogens, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and a pharmaceutically effective amount of a bisphosphonate, or a pharmaceutically effective salt thereof.
 17. The method of claim 16 wherein the one or more estrogens are conjugated estrogenic hormones.
 18. The method of inducing sphincter continence of claim 16 wherein the sphincter is a urinary sphincter.
 19. The method of inducing sphincter continence of claim 16 wherein the sphincter is an anal sphincter. 